Journal: Gut Pathogens

Article Title: Determinants of Campylobacter species diversity in infants and association with family members, livestock, and household environments in rural Eastern Ethiopia

doi: 10.1186/s13099-025-00725-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Flowchart Illustrating the Analysis Methods for the CAGED Longitudinal Cohort and Campylobacter Species Detection, Including the Investigation of Household Exposures Linked to Elevated Campylobacter Species Infections

Article Snippet: Although by November 2024, 49 species have been validly published within the Campylobacter genus ( https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/campylobacter ), existing research disproportionately concentrates on thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Gut Pathogens

Article Title: Determinants of Campylobacter species diversity in infants and association with family members, livestock, and household environments in rural Eastern Ethiopia

doi: 10.1186/s13099-025-00725-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Prevalence and load of predominant Campylobacter spp. in infant stool samples over time. A – C Prevalence of C. infans, C. jejuni, and C. upsaliensis is shown by age, with points representing 4-week age groups. Lines indicate logistic regression models and shaded areas represent 95% confidence intervals. In blue are all species of infections, the red line shows symptomatic infections (presence of diarrhea) and asymptomatic infections in green. D – F C. infans, C. jejuni, and C. upsaliensis load in positive infant stool over time. Points are average loads by 4-week age group, lines are best-fitting linear regression models of load as a function of age as a continuous variable, and shaded areas are 95% confidence intervals. Confidence intervals are truncated between 2 and 6 log 10 genome copies per 50 ng DNA. G Heatmap of Campylobacter spp. Coinfections ( C. infans, C. jejuni, and C. upsaliensis ) in infant stool samples, indicating prevalence by color intensity. X-axis: infant age; Y-axis: individual caged IDs. Data from 106 infants highlighting coinfections based on positive qPCR results at the genus and species level

Article Snippet: Although by November 2024, 49 species have been validly published within the Campylobacter genus ( https://lpsn.dsmz.de/genus/campylobacter ), existing research disproportionately concentrates on thermophilic Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli [ ].

Techniques:

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Loss of Dnah5 Downregulates Dync1h1 Expression, Causing Cortical Development Disorders and Congenital Hydrocephalus

doi: 10.3390/cells13221882

Figure Lengend Snippet: The timeline and flowchart illustrate our research process. These experiments were conducted in three phases. First, knockout mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The accuracy of knockout construction was confirmed through pyrosequencing-based genotyping and RT-PCR. Dnah5 −/− mice were then compared with wild-type mice, assessing body weight differences at various postnatal days. HE staining of brain sections was performed, and ventricular size was evaluated in coronal sections. At postnatal day 3, cilia were observed using SEM and TEM. At postnatal day 10, microbeads were applied to coronal brain sections, and particle movement was analyzed using TrackMate software. To investigate hydrocephalus development, brain sections were examined via HE staining, and ventricular enlargement was monitored over time. Cerebral aqueduct patency was assessed by injecting fluorescent dye into the lateral ventricles and tracking its flow to the fourth ventricle. Finally, to evaluate the brain parenchyma and ventricular wall, the number of mature neurons in the cortical layers was compared between Dnah5 −/− and wild-type mice. A reduction in neuronal cell count in Dnah5 −/− mice prompted genetic analysis, which suggested impaired primary ciliary function as a cause of reduced neurogenesis and neuronal migration. Immunofluorescence staining for dynein, nestin, and N-cadherin was performed to further investigate these findings.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, 10 μm microbeads (Polybeads ® Polystyrene Black Dyed 10.0 Micron Microspheres, 24294-2, Polysciences Inc., Warrington, PA, USA) were diluted 5 times with PBS, and 1 μL of this diluted solution was placed into the lateral ventricle after removing the choroid plexus.

Techniques: Knock-Out, Generated, CRISPR, Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction, Staining, Software, Cell Counting, Migration, Immunofluorescence

Journal: Cells

Article Title: Loss of Dnah5 Downregulates Dync1h1 Expression, Causing Cortical Development Disorders and Congenital Hydrocephalus

doi: 10.3390/cells13221882

Figure Lengend Snippet: Ciliary structure and CSF flow. ( A ) Observation of cilia under electron microscopy in mice on day three. In the TEM (top, scale bar = 20 nm), a horizontal section of the cilia can be observed. The outer dynein arm structures of the peripheral doublet microtubules, indicated by arrows in the illustration, were absent in Dnah5 −/− mice, but not in wild-type mice. In the SEM (bottom, scale bar = 5 μm), the ventricular wall observed in Dnah5 −/− mice exhibited irregular ciliary extension compared to the wild-type mice. ( B ) Confirmation of cerebral aqueductal patency in 4-day-old Dnah5 −/− mice following injection of the DiI fluorescent dye into the lateral ventricle. The numbered slices 1 to 4 in the illustration represent the locations of coronal brain sections, with slice 1 indicating the anterior horn of the lateral ventricle, slices 2 and 3 depicting the cerebral aqueduct, and slice 4 representing the fourth ventricle. DiI reached the fourth ventricle, indicating patency of the cerebral aqueduct. However, simultaneous observation revealed an already enlarged lateral ventricle. ( C ) Following immediate extraction of brains from 10-day-old wild-type and Dnah5 −/− mice, coronal sections were created, and microbeads were inserted into the ventricles to track their trajectories. In wild-type mice, microbeads exhibited movement with observed vortex flow inside the ventricle. In contrast, no movement of the microbeads was observed in Dnah5 −/− mice. The variation in color of the spots in the tracked trajectories represents Z-axis positions, enabling visual evaluation of how the particles move.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, 10 μm microbeads (Polybeads ® Polystyrene Black Dyed 10.0 Micron Microspheres, 24294-2, Polysciences Inc., Warrington, PA, USA) were diluted 5 times with PBS, and 1 μL of this diluted solution was placed into the lateral ventricle after removing the choroid plexus.

Techniques: Electron Microscopy, Injection, Extraction

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: The Efficacy of a Ferric Sillen Core-Linked Polymer in Suppressing the Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni

doi: 10.3390/ani14213150

Figure Lengend Snippet: The primer sequences used to amplify the target and internal control genes from treated and untreated C. jejuni cDNA by RT-qPCR.

Article Snippet: C. jejuni (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany, 24306) suspension was prepared from a liquid stock obtained from DSMZ.

Techniques: Control, Sequencing

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: The Efficacy of a Ferric Sillen Core-Linked Polymer in Suppressing the Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni

doi: 10.3390/ani14213150

Figure Lengend Snippet: The inhibition of C. jejuni growth using an FSCLP. Cells were incubated for 48 h with the FSCLP at a range of Fe concentrations. Data are expressed as the mean with standard deviation (SD) of triplicate samples, with negative values adjusted to 0% to ensure biological accuracy. Statistically significant differences were determined to the corresponding positive control by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test (denoted by * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001).

Article Snippet: C. jejuni (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany, 24306) suspension was prepared from a liquid stock obtained from DSMZ.

Techniques: Inhibition, Incubation, Standard Deviation, Positive Control

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: The Efficacy of a Ferric Sillen Core-Linked Polymer in Suppressing the Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni

doi: 10.3390/ani14213150

Figure Lengend Snippet: Analysis of C. jejuni gene expression when grown in presence of FSCLP.

Article Snippet: C. jejuni (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany, 24306) suspension was prepared from a liquid stock obtained from DSMZ.

Techniques: Gene Expression

Journal: Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI

Article Title: The Efficacy of a Ferric Sillen Core-Linked Polymer in Suppressing the Pathogenicity of Campylobacter jejuni

doi: 10.3390/ani14213150

Figure Lengend Snippet: The influence of the FSCLP on C. jejuni adhesion to and the invasion of IPEC-J2 cell monolayers. Statistically significant differences were determined relative to the corresponding positive control (with no treatment) by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test (denoted by ** p < 0.01). n = 3 for the adhesion and invasion assays.

Article Snippet: C. jejuni (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany, 24306) suspension was prepared from a liquid stock obtained from DSMZ.

Techniques: Positive Control

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: The point mutation A1387G in the 16S rRNA gene confers aminoglycoside resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

doi: 10.1128/aac.00833-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: MIC values of the donor C. coli BfR-CA-15687, wild-type recipient isolates, and transformant strains for aminoglycosides ^a

Article Snippet: In addition, reference strains C. jejuni NCTC 11168 , 81-176 , and DSM 4688 (DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) as well as C. coli strain 2012-70-443-2 (Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark) were used.

Techniques:

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: The point mutation A1387G in the 16S rRNA gene confers aminoglycoside resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

doi: 10.1128/aac.00833-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: The transformation rates of APR R -GEN R -KAN R -TOB R resistance determinant using gDNA of BfR-CA-15687 was ~2.5 log 10 lower (blue bars) than transformation of the control rpsL A128G point mutation using gDNA of BfR-CA-14430-strep leading to STR R (turquoise bars). The sensitive wild-type strains C. jejuni 81-176, C. coli BfR-CA-11057, and C. coli BfR-CA-14856 were transformed with 1 µg/mL gDNA. Transformation rates were assessed from the ratio of resistant transformants relative to CFU on non-selective Columbia blood agar. The data stem from at least three independent experiments, with error bars representing standard deviation.

Article Snippet: In addition, reference strains C. jejuni NCTC 11168 , 81-176 , and DSM 4688 (DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) as well as C. coli strain 2012-70-443-2 (Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark) were used.

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Control, Mutagenesis, Standard Deviation

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: The point mutation A1387G in the 16S rRNA gene confers aminoglycoside resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

doi: 10.1128/aac.00833-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: Single colonies of transformants switched from a mixed A/G genotype at position 1387 in 16S rRNA to only G at higher TOB concentrations. Two representative transformant colonies (CFU 1 and CFU 2) of each C. jejuni 81–176-TF15687 and C. coli BfR-CA-11057-TF15687 after transformation were transferred to different concentrations of TOB and in parallel on non-selective ColbA. Sanger sequencing revealed two populations of resistant transformants—either harboring base G upon transformation or a mixture of bases A and G at position 1387 in the 16S rRNA genes (marked with black arrows), which changed to only G at higher TOB concentrations. The base color code of the Sanger sequences is indicated below the chromatograms. TOB, tobramycin; wt, wild-type.

Article Snippet: In addition, reference strains C. jejuni NCTC 11168 , 81-176 , and DSM 4688 (DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) as well as C. coli strain 2012-70-443-2 (Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark) were used.

Techniques: Transformation Assay, Sequencing

Journal: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

Article Title: The point mutation A1387G in the 16S rRNA gene confers aminoglycoside resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli

doi: 10.1128/aac.00833-24

Figure Lengend Snippet: A transformant harboring a mixed A/G genotype at position 1387 in 16S rRNA reverted to a sensitive phenotype after 15 passages ( A ). In contrast, a transformant with only G at position 1387 maintained resistance even after 45 passages ( B ). Transformants of C. jejuni 81-176-TF15687 were passaged on non-selective ColbA. After the indicated number of passages, the transformant culture was diluted and spread on non-selective ColbA plates in order to obtain single colonies. Subsequently, colony material was transferred on plates with different concentrations of TOB by stamping with velvet cloth. Photographs of colony patterns on each plate were captured after the indicated number of passages. Sanger sequences are shown after passage 1 (fresh transformant) and after repeated subculturing. After passaging, a colony was taken from non-selective ColbA for Sanger sequencing.

Article Snippet: In addition, reference strains C. jejuni NCTC 11168 , 81-176 , and DSM 4688 (DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany) as well as C. coli strain 2012-70-443-2 (Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark) were used.

Techniques: Subculturing Assay, Passaging, Sequencing